Onderwijshervormingen in Finland: Teach less, learn more

Ik hoor graag uw reactie!

Deze site gebruikt Akismet om spam te verminderen. Bekijk hoe je reactie-gegevens worden verwerkt.

  1. “…waar we in Nederland iets van kunnen leren.”

    Dat is tot op heden hét understatement van 2011. En we zijn nog maar net begonnen!

    Van het belangrijkste dat de Finnen doen, doen wij het tegenovergestelde. Zij zorgen dat de leerlingen de best mogelijke leraren voor hun neus krijgen, wij zorgen dat de klassen vollopen met steeds lager geschoolde en zelfs steeds meer onbevoegde leraren.

    Nu al wordt 1 op elke 4 lessen in het voorgezet onderwijs gegeven door mensen zonder de benodigde kwalificaties.

    Zij zorgen dat er zo min mogelijk muren zijn tussen opleidingsvarianten, maar dat leerlingen zichzelf met vrucht kunnen opwerken. Wij zorgen voor muren die pas na jaren een tussendeur kennen.

    Zij zorgen voor externe, transparante, brede toetsing van adolescenten, niet door de eigen docent beoordeeld. Wij kennen een continusysteem waarbij slagers steeds hun eigen vlees keuren en bijv. havo- en vwo-toetsing volledig losstaan van elkaar.

    Zij zorgen voor een uitstekende basisschool met slechts universitair opgeleide leraren, bij ons is basisonderwijs de plek voor zwakke pabo-opgeleiden, mbo-instromers en klassenassistenten die stiekem klassen draaien.

    Bij hen hebben leraren status en zeggenschap, bij ons status nul en in alle belangrijke OCW-overlegpartners (VO-raad, PO-raad, MBO-raad, Onderwijsraad) maken bobo’s en ‘weggelopen leraren’ de dienst uit.

    Zij zetten in op kwaliteit en resultaat ongeacht het aantal lesuren voor leerlingen en leraren, wij zetten in op een enorm aantal verplichte lesuren voor zowel leraren als leerlingen en willen de kwaliteit en feitelijke resultaten niet kennen.

    En wij zouden ‘iets’ kunnen leren van de Finnen? Onze onderwijskwaliteit teert nog op de laatste cohorten leraren en leerkrachten 50+ die nog goed opgeleid zijn en een witte raaf waren in hun generatie. Als de Finnen het bij het rechte eind hebben, en zo te zien hebben ze dat, is er alle reden om de onderwijstoekomst in NL te vrezen.

  2. Dank voor je reactie Hannes. Als ik mijn post met een frisse blik nog eens bekijk, verzuim ik inderdaad een goede vergelijking te maken met NL.

    Gevoelsmatig ben ik het met je eens, maar het is echt niet terecht om de twee systemen met elkaar te vergelijken, zonder wat meer te weten over het Finse model. Maar ik ben wel eens wat onverzichtiger geweest.

    Waar we zeker iets van kunnen en moeten leren is de wil om te investeren in kwaliteit van onderwijs en te realiseren dat dit niet direct verbonden is met instructietijd in het klaslokaal.

  3. Het contrast dat ik schets geeft natuurlijk direct de relevantie aan van je artikel voor het Nederlandse onderwijsbeleid. Ik noem dat laatste een ‘permanent ad-hocbeleid’ en dat is geen compliment. Ik heb je artikel in ieder geval op Twitter aanbevolen. Hopelijk leest niet alleen de minister mee, maar ook vele anderen. Je weet hoe een druppel de steen kan uithollen.

  4. Wat mij het meest opvalt is dat in Finland werkelijk gekeken wordt wanneer een kind feitelijk leerbaar is: met zeven jaar.
    Dan is het brein van het kind toe aan meer abstracte vormen van leren zoals in ons onderwijs veelal toegepast wordt.Maar veel te vroeg al met 4 jaar waardoor het kind lege infomatie kan memoriseren maar geen inhoudelijke kennis opdoet.
    Ook het leren door ervaring en eigen inbreng van de leraren staat in schril contrast met het ons onderwijs waar alles het liefst van minuut tot minuut gemethodiseerd wordt waarna vanaf de leeftijd van 4 getoetst wordt met gestandaardiseerde toetsen,ontwikkeld door een berdijf(cito) die van het ministerie het alleenrecht heeft gekregen op het leveren van deze verplichte toetsen.
    Ik hoop dat de nederlandse leraar meer vrijheid en creativiteit mag ontwikkelen waardoor ze intrinsiek gemotiveerd blijven en met hen de leerlingen.

  5. Spectaculaire daling van leerprestaties in Finland sinds 2001 & debat over (nefaste) gevolgen van comprehensieve, lagere cyclus s.o. in Finland, Zweden … Onze beleidsmakers, Klasse van september 2013, stellen (comprehensief) Finland steeds voor als een onderwijsparadijs inzake hoge leerresultaten en sociale gelijkheid. Volgens Finse onderzoekers van de universiteit van Helsinki was dit de voorbije jaren geenszins het geval. Dit bevestigt wat Onderwijskrant al een aantal jaren beweert -mede op basis van eerdere studies van de universiteit van Helsinki.
    New study: Finnish students’ achievement declined significantly (Onderzoek van universiteit Helsinki).
    Since 1996, educational effectiveness has been understood in Finland to include not only subject specific knowledge and skills but also the more general competences which are not the exclusive domain of any single subject but develop through good teaching along a student’s educational career. Many of these, including the object of the present assessment, learning to learn, have been named in the education policy documents of the European Union as key competences which each member state should provide their citizens as part of general education (EU 2006).
    In spring 2012, the Helsinki University Centre for Educational Assessment implemented a nationally representative assessment of ninth grade students’ learning to learn competence. The assessment was inspired by signs of declining results in the past few years’ assessments. This decline had been observed both in the subject specific assessments of the Finnish National Board of Education, in the OECD PISA 2009 study, and in the learning to learn assessment implemented by the Centre for Educational Assessment in all comprehensive schools in Vantaa in 2010.
    The results of the Vantaa study could be compared against the results of a similar assessment implemented in 2004. As the decline in students’ cognitive competence and in their learning related attitudes was especially strong in the two Vantaa studies, with only 6 years apart, a decision was made to direct the national assessment of spring 2012 to the same schools which had participated in a respective study in 2001.
    The goal of the assessment was to find out whether the decline in results, observed in the Helsinki region, were the same for the whole country. The assessment also offered a possibility to look at the readiness of schools to implement a computer-based assessment, and how this has changed during the 11 years between the two assessments. After all, the 2001 assessment was the first in Finland where large scale student assessment data was collected in schools using the Internet.
    The main focus of the assessment was on students’ competence and their learning-related attitudes at the end of the comprehensive school education, but the assessment also relates to educational equity: to regional, between-school, and between- class differences and to the relation of students’ gender and home background to their competence and attitudes.
    The assessment reached about 7 800 ninth grade students in 82 schools in 65 municipalities. Of the students, 49% were girls and 51% boys. The share of students in Swedish speaking schools was 3.4%. As in 2001, the assessment was implemented in about half of the schools using a printed test booklet and in the other half via the Internet. The results of the 2001 and 2012 assessments were uniformed through IRT modelling to secure the comparability of the results. Hence, the results can be interpreted to represent the full Finnish ninth grade population.
    Girls performed better than boys in all three fields of competence measured in the assessment: reasoning, mathematical thinking, and reading comprehension. The difference was especially noticeable in reading comprehension even if in this task girls’ attainment had declined more than boys’ attainment. Differences between the AVI-districts were small. The impact of students’ home-background was, instead, obvious: the higher the education of the parents, the better the student performed in the assessment tasks. There was no difference in the impact of mother’s education on boys’ and girls’ attainment. The between-school-differences were very small (explaining under 2% of the variance) while the between-class differences were relatively large (9 % – 20 %).
    The change between the year 2001 and year 2012 is significant. The level of students’ attainment has declined considerably. The difference can be compared to a decline of Finnish students’ attainment in PISA reading literacy from the 539 points of PISA 2009 to 490 points, to below the OECD average. The mean level of students’ learning-supporting attitudes still falls above the mean of the scale used in the questions but also that mean has declined from 2001.
    The mean level of attitudes detrimental to learning has risen but the rise is more modest. Girls’ attainment has declined more than boys’ in three of the five tasks. There was no gender difference in the change of students’ attitudes, however. Between-school differences were un-changed but differences between classes and between individual students had grown. The change in attitudes—unlike the change in attainment—was related to students’ home background: The decline in learning-supporting attitudes and the growth in attitudes detrimental to school work were weaker the better educated the mother. Home background was not related to the change in students’ attainment, however. A decline could be discerned both among the best and the weakest students.
    The results of the assessment point to a deeper, on-going cultural change which seems to affect the young generation especially hard. Formal education seems to be losing its former power and the accepting of the societal expectations which the school represents seems to be related more strongly than before to students’ home background. The school has to compete with students’ self-elected pastime activities, the social media, and the boundless world of information and entertainment open to all through the Internet. The school is to a growing number of youngpeople just one, often critically reviewed, developmental environment among many.
    The change is not a surprise, however. A similar decline in student attainment has been registered in the other Nordic countries already earlier. It is time to concede that the signals of change have been discernible already for a while and to open up a national discussion regarding the state and future of the Finnish comprehensive school that rose to international acclaim due to our students’success in the PISA studies.
    Source:
    University of Helsinki – Faculty of Behavioral Sciences, Department of Teacher of Education Research Report No 347Authors: Jarkko Hautamäki, Sirkku Kupiainen, Jukka Marjanen, Mari-Pauliina Vainikainen and Risto Hotulainen
    Learning to learn at the end of basic education: Results in 2012 and changes from 2001

  6. View of Finnish teachers versus view of Pasi Sahlberg
    Oxford- Prof. Jennifer Chung ( AN INVESTIGATION OF REASONS FOR FINLAND’S SUCCESS IN PISA (University of Oxford 2008).
    “Many of the teachers mentioned the converse of the great strength of Finnish education (= de grote aandacht voor kinderen met leerproblemen) as the great weakness. Jukka S. (BM) believes that school does not provide enough challenges for intelligent students: “I think my only concern is that we give lots of support to those pupils who are underachievers, and we don’t give that much to the brightest pupils. I find it a problem, since I think, for the future of a whole nation, those pupils who are really the stars should be supported, given some more challenges, given some more difficulty in their exercises and so on. To not just spend their time here but to make some effort and have the idea to become something, no matter what field you are choosing, you must not only be talented like they are, but work hard. That is needed. “
    Pia (EL) feels that the schools do not motivate very intelligent students to work. She thinks the schools should provide more challenges for the academically talented students. In fact, she thinks the current school system in Finland does not provide well for its students. Mixed-ability classrooms, she feels, are worse than the previous selective system: “ I think this school is for nobody. That is my private opinion. Actually I think so, because when you have all these people at mixed levels in your class, then you have to concentrate on the ones who need the most help, of course. Those who are really good, they get lazy. “
    Pia believes these students become bored and lazy, and float through school with no study skills. Jonny (EM) describes how comprehensive education places the academically gifted at a disadvantage: “We have lost a great possibility when we don’t have the segregated levels of math and natural sciences… That should be once again taken back and started with. The good talents are now torturing themselves with not very interesting education and teaching in classes that aren’t for their best.
    Pia (EL) finds the PISA frenzy about Finland amusing, since she believes the schools have declined in recent years: “I think [the attention] is quite funny because school isn’t as good as it used to be … I used to be proud of being a teacher and proud of this school, but I can’t say I ’m proud any more.”
    Aino (BS) states that the evenness and equality of the education system has a “dark side.” Teaching to the “middle student” in a class of heterogeneous ability bores the gifted students, who commonly do not perform well in school. Maarit (DMS) finds teaching heterogeneous classrooms very difficult. She admits that dividing the students into ability levels would make the teaching easier, but worries that it may affect the self-esteem of the weaker worse than a more egalitarian system Similarly, Terttu (FMS) thinks that the class size is a detriment to the students’ learning. Even though Finnish schools have relatively small class sizes, she thinks that a group of twenty is too large, since she does not have time for all of the students: “You don’t have enough time for everyone … All children have to be in the same class. That is not so nice. You have the better pupils. I can’t give them as much as I want. You have to go so slowly in the classroom.” Curiously, Jukka E. (DL) thinks that the special education students need more support and the education system needs to improve in that area.
    Miikka (FL) describes how he will give extra work to students who want to have more academic challenges, but admits that “they can get quite good grades, excellent grades, by doing nothing actually, or very little.” Miikka (FL) describes discussion in educational circles about creating schools and universities for academically talented students: 3 Everyone has the same chances…One problem is that it can be too easy for talented students. There has been now discussion in Finland if there should be schools and universities for talented students… I think it will happen, but I don’t know if it is good, but it will happen, I think so. I am also afraid there will be private schools again in Finland in the future … [There] will be more rich people and more poor people, and then will come so [many] problems in comprehensive schools that some day quite soon … parents will demand that we should have private schools again, and that is quite sad.

    Linda (AL), however, feels the love of reading has declined in the younger generation, as they tend to gravitate more to video games and television. Miikka (FL), also a teacher of mother tongue, also cites a decline in reading interest and an increase of video game and computer play. Saij a (BL) agrees. As a teacher of Finnish, she feels that she has difficulty motivating her students to learn: “I think my subject is not the … easiest one to teach. They don’t read so much, newspapers or novels.” Her students, especially the boys, do not like their assignments in Finnish language. She also thinks the respect for teachers has declined in this past generation. Miikka (FL) also thinks his students do not respect their teachers: “They don’t respect the teachers. They respect them very little … I think it has changed a lot in recent years. In Helsinki, it was actually earlier. When I came here six years ago, I thought this was heaven. I thought it was incredible, how the children were like that after Helsinki, but now I think it is the same.
    Linda (AL) notes deficiency in the amount of time available for subjects. With more time, she would implement more creative activities, such as speech and drama, into her lessons. Saij a (BL) also thinks that her students need more arts subjects like drama and art. She worries that they consider mathematics as the only important subject. Shefeels countries such as Sweden, Norway, and England have better arts programs than in Finnish schools. Arts subjects, according to Saij a, help the students get to know themselves. Maarit (DMS), a Finnish-speaker, thinks that schools need to spend more time cultivating social skills.

  7. Finnish teachers about Sahlberg-nonsense:

    *@Popo: I’m not complaining about the education system, but this article just doesn’t match with any of my experiences

    *@Alecaldi: What a bunch of crap. As a Fin with 18 years in the school system, now M.Sc Tech, I can’t recognize most of the stuff.And to remind you, there is no High school in any Scandinavian countries. It’s more like a pre-college for 3 years if you choose to go academic.

    *AM : This article is just unbelievable propaganda and it would be very interesting to know who fed you all this rubbish. Where are these so-called “facts” been taken from? Several of them are simply not true! Finnish teachers are not selected from the top 10% of graduates. All pupils take exams and have homework. All children are certainly not taught in the same classrooms. And what in the world is this “mandatory standardized test which is taken when children are 16”?! I’ve never heard of it and I work as a teacher in Finland. And excuse me…according to these “facts” I only spend four hours per day in the classroom?! That is so not true!

    *DI: This article explains why there have been so many Nobel prizes per capita in Finland, and why Finnish technology companies like Nokia are currently destroying the competition, and why Finland leads the pack on biotech.

    *PM I went through the Finnish education system so I can correct a few “facts”. 1. We start to get homework since the first grade. Of course not that much in the beginning, but there definitely is homework. 2. We definitely are measured since grade one (=eerste leerjaar) at school.3. All kids are taught in the same classroom except when a kid is having difficulties with learning, and then he/she can go to a special teacher’s little class to be taught. 4. Teachers spend way more than 4 hours a day in a classroom, except maybe when his/her class is the first or second grade and their days are shorter. But I remember being 10 and had 7-8 hour days and my teacher was there all the time.5.. Although teachers are highly regarded, they are not regarded as highly as doctors and lawyers. Especially if you teach Swedish in Junior High School.

Sliding Sidebar

%d